What does grammar combine to provide rules for speaking and writing?

The correct answer, which involves morphology and syntax, highlights the fundamental components of grammar that together establish the structure and rules for both speaking and writing in a language.

Morphology refers to the study of word formation and structure. It involves understanding how words are built from morphemes, which are the smallest units of meaning, such as root words, prefixes, and suffixes. This aspect is crucial for determining how words are formed and can convey different meanings or grammatical functions in various contexts.

Syntax, on the other hand, deals with the arrangement of words and phrases to create well-formed sentences. It establishes the rules that dictate how words combine to form clauses and sentences, ensuring clarity and coherence in communication.

Together, morphology and syntax provide a comprehensive framework that enables speakers and writers to construct meaningful sentences and effectively communicate their ideas. Understanding how these two elements interact is essential for mastering any language.

The other options, while they each contain important linguistic concepts, do not specifically focus on the foundational elements of grammar in relation to rules governing speaking and writing.